Breath capture and sampling system

ABSTRACT

A device for capturing a breath sample has a mouthpiece with a chamber that receives a breath sample through a breath inlet aperture. The device further includes a pump assembly with a pump that draws a portion of the breath sample from the chamber and discharges the portion of the breath sample to the sensor.

BACKGROUND

Exhaled human breath typically comprises approximately 78% nitrogen,15-18% oxygen, and 4-6% carbon dioxide. The remaining small fraction ofexhaled breath generally consists of saturated water vapor and tracelevels of more than 1000 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) withconcentrations ranging from parts per trillion (pptv) to parts permillion (ppmv).

The specific composition of a person's breath can indicate varioushealth conditions. For example, acetone is a VOC in exhaled human breaththat can indicate diabetes, heart disease, epilepsy, and otherconditions. A person who is in a state of ketosis will have an increasedbreath concentration of acetone resulting from the body's production ofketone bodies. Acetone is also produced by ketosis resulting from arestricted calorie weight loss and/or exercise program. This acetoneproduction is the result of metabolism of fat. Hence, a breath acetonecontent measurement can be used as an indication of a medical conditionor of fat burning during a diet and/or program to show the effectivenessof the program.

Sensors such as those for detecting acetone in breath samples can beparticularly sensitive to the manner in which the sensor is exposed tothe sample being tested. While repeatable and accurate results can beobtained in a lab setting by exposing the sensors to a sample in acontrolled manner, it is often desirable to analyze a breath sampleoutside of a lab setting.

Consumer devices and/or portable devices for testing breath samples aretypically used outside of a controlled laboratory setting. Such devicesgenerally take a live breath sample and expose the sensor directly tothe exhaled human breath, resulting in readings that are neitherrepeatable nor accurate. Collecting live breath samples, particularlyfrom multiple subjects, causes factors to vary that can otherwise beheld relatively constant in the lab gas setup described above. Thesefactors include velocity of exhaled breath, dynamic vapor pressure,duration of exhalation, total volume and individual size of exhaleddroplets, and variable oxygen and acetone concentrations that aredependent on which part of the exhaled breath is sampled from (i.e.mouth air, deep lung air, or somewhere in between). Collectively andindividually, these variables contribute to poor repeatability andinaccurate measurements.

Known sensors also suffer from designs that inhibit accuracy andrepeatability, even when exposed to a controlled, consistent flow of abreath sample. One example of a known acetone sensor 600, shown in FIG.18, includes tungsten trioxide (WO₃) disposed on an alumina or anodicaluminum oxide (AAO) substrate. This and similar sensors have typicallybeen packaged in cylindrical leaded components, such as a standard TO-5header 602, like the one shown in FIG. 16. While TO-5 and similarheaders are readily available, they are expensive, even at highmanufacturing volumes. In addition, gas sensors housed in a TO typeheader are typically exposed to an air sample via diffusion, eitherthrough a mesh screen 604 or a hole in the case. As a result, suchsensors are typically not well-suited for applications involving asample having a controlled mass flow.

Acetone sensors are useful for detecting various health conditionsand/or for monitoring the efficacy of diet and exercise programs. Theacetone level for diet and exercise is lower than that caused bydiabetes. Accordingly, a more sensitive, accurate, and repeatable sensoris required in order to monitor increased acetone levels caused by dietand exercise.

The present disclosure is directed to a breath capture and samplingsystem that captures a breath sample and provides it to a sensor in amanner that produces accurate and repeatable detection of various breathcomponents. Although the described embodiment is directed toward thedetection of acetone in a breath sample, it will be appreciated thatalternate embodiments are possible wherein other sample components aresensed, and such embodiments should be considered within the scope ofthe present disclosure.

SUMMARY

A first exemplary embodiment of a disclosed device for capturing abreath sample has a mouthpiece with a chamber that receives a breathsample through a breath inlet aperture. The device further includes apump that withdraws a portion of the breath sample from the chamber anddischarges the portion of the breath sample to the sensor.

A second exemplary embodiment of a disclosed device for capturing abreath sample includes a mouthpiece with a breath inlet aperture influid communication with a chamber. A pump assembly delivers a breathsample from the chamber to a sensor. The pump assembly comprises amanifold in fluid communication with the chamber and the sensor and acylinder coupled to the manifold. The cylinder is rotatable between afirst position and a second position. The cylinder is in fluidcommunication with the chamber in the first position and is in fluidcommunication with the sensor in the second position. A piston isslidably disposed within the cylinder and moves in a first directionwhen the cylinder is in the first position and in a second directionwhen the cylinder is in the second position.

Also disclosed is an exemplary method of providing a sample of exhaledgases to a sensor. The method includes the steps of passing the exhaledgases through a chamber for a predetermined duration and sensing aduration that exhaled gases are passed through the sample cavity. Themethod further includes the step of opening an orifice when the sensedduration reaches the predetermined duration, wherein opening the orificeprovides a fluid connection between the sample cavity and the sensor.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This summary is not intended to identify key features ofthe claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid indetermining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of thisinvention will become more readily appreciated as the same become betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description, whentaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a front isometric view of a breath analysis device with abreath sampling system according to one exemplary embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 2 shows a partially exploded view of the breath sampling system ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a partial, side cross-sectional view of the breath samplingsystem of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a partially exploded, side cross-sectional view of thebreath sampling system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a front isometric view of a pump assembly of the breathsampling system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 shows a rear isometric view of the pump assembly of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 shows a partially exploded front isometric view of the pumpassembly of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 shows a side view of the pump assembly of FIG. 5 in a firstposition;

FIG. 9 shows partial cross-sectional view of the pump assembly of FIG.8;

FIG. 10 shows a side view of the pump assembly of FIG. 8 in a secondposition;

FIG. 11 shows partial cross-sectional view of the pump assembly of FIG.10;

FIG. 12 shows a partially exploded isometric view of the breath analysisdevice of FIG. 1 with a sensor module removed;

FIG. 13 shows an isometric view of the sensor module of FIG. 12according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 shows a partially exploded isometric view of the sensor moduleof FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 shows a side view of the sensor module of FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 shows a first cross-sectional view of the sensor module of FIG.13;

FIG. 17 shows a second cross-sectional view of the sensor module of FIG.13; and

FIG. 18 shows an isometric view of a known breath acetone sensor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 and 2 show front and rear isometric views, respectively, of anexemplary embodiment of a breath analysis device 30 that utilizes abreath sampling system 100 according to the present disclosure. Thedevice 30 includes housing 40 that contains the components of the breathanalysis device. The housing 40 provides an ergonomic surface that makesthe device 30 self-contained and easily portable.

The breath sampling system 100 collects a breath sample from a user andprovides it to a sensor module 400 for analysis. The sensor module 400,best shown in FIGS. 13-17, is operatively connected to a processor 60shown in FIG. 6. As described in further detail below, the processor 60receives data from the sensor module 400 that can include data relatedto sensed breath components, breath flow, sensor temperature, and otheroperating characteristics. In one contemplated embodiment, the processor60 processes the data and selectively displays information on a display70 based on the data received from the sensor assembly 400.

In the illustrated embodiment, the display 70 comprises a plurality oflights 72 that can be selectively illuminated to indicate operatingconditions, such as state of battery charge, readiness of the device tocollect a breath sample, success of a breath sample collection, or anyother information that would be desired by the user. The color, displayduration, and pattern of the lights can be varied to indicated differentconditions. Further, it will be appreciated that disclosed embodimentcan incorporate any suitable type of displays and signals to relayinformation to a user, including LCD screens, LED screens, audiblesignals, haptic signals, or any other type of combination of displaysand signals.

In another contemplated embodiment, the processor 60 stores the datalocally, or makes the data available for transfer to a remote storagelocation or processor, such as a home computer, tablet, smart phone,etc. These and other processor functions suitable for receiving andprocessing diagnostic data are contemplated and should be consideredwithin the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-4, the breath sampling system 100 includes amouthpiece 110 and a pump assembly 140. Generally speaking, a userexhales into the mouthpiece 110 so that the breath flows into a chamber114 formed in the mouthpiece. The pump assembly 140 then draws a breathsample from the chamber 114 and supplies it to the sensor module 400 foranalysis.

As best shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the mouthpiece is removably coupled tothe housing 40. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of tabs 112extend down from the base of the mouthpiece 110 and are received bycorresponding slots 44 disposed in the housing 40 to releasably securethe mouthpiece to the housing. It will be appreciated that any number ofsuitable configurations are possible to secure the mouthpiece to thehousing, and such embodiments should be considered within the scope ofthe present disclosure. Further, embodiments are contemplated whereinthe mouthpiece is permanently secured to the housing 40 or integrallyformed with the housing.

Referring now to FIGS. 2-4, a breath sample port 116 extends downwardfrom a bottom portion of the mouthpiece 110. The breath sample port 116includes a generally cylindrical body 118 with a central passage 120extending axially therethrough. The pump assembly 140 includes amanifold located within the housing 40. The manifold 140 has amouthpiece channel 152 with a mouthpiece channel inlet 154 sized andconfigured to receive the breath sample port 114. When the mouthpiece110 is attached to the housing 40, the cylindrical body 118 of thebreath sample port 116 extends into the mouthpiece channel inlet 154 sothat the chamber 114 of the mouthpiece is in fluid communication withthe mouthpiece channel 152.

A breath detection port 124 also extends downward from the bottomportion of the mouthpiece 110. Like the breath sample port 116, thebreath detection port 124 includes a cylindrical body 126 with a centralpassage 128 extending therethrough. The breath sample port 116 is sizedand configured so that when the mouthpiece 110 is mounted to the housing40, the end of the breath sample port is proximate to a breath detectionsensor 122. The breath detection sensor 122 is mounted to the pumpmanifold 150 or another suitable component and is operatively connectedto the processor 60.

The disclosed breath detection sensor 122 is preferably a heated glassNTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor configured to operateas a hot-wire anemometer. Contemplated alternate embodiments utilizeother temperature sensors capable of dissipating heat, such asresistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or PTC (positive temperaturecoefficient) thermistors. It will be further appreciated that the sensor122 can also be a pressure sensor, a mass flow sensor, or any othersuitable sensor for detecting that breath is being exhaled into themouthpiece 110. As will be described below, the breath detection sensorsenses when a user is breathing into the mouthpiece. Data from thebreath detection sensor 122 is received by the processor 60, whichdetermines when a breath suitable for sampling has been introduced intothe mouthpiece 110.

The mouthpiece 110 includes an inlet aperture 130 into which a userbreathes to introduce a breath sample into the chamber 114 of themouthpiece. A baffle 132 extends from the edge of the chamber 114 andredirects the breath within the chamber. The baffle controls theintroduction of saliva into the chamber 114 and also makes the directionof airflow into the chamber more predictable, thereby providing moreconsistent breath sample characteristics within the chamber.

The mouthpiece 110 further includes an outlet aperture 134. A typicalhuman exhalation has a volume of approximately 500 ml. The volume of thechamber 114 in the disclosed embodiment is approximately 30 ml. Theoutlet aperture 134 provides an escape path for excess breath so that auser can provide a longer breath to sample, thereby ensuring that earlymouth air is discharged from the chamber 114 or sufficiently dilutedwith the end tidal air from the airway and lungs. The inlet and outletapertures 130 and 134 are large enough to allow a user to exhale abreath through the mouthpiece 110, but not so large that the breathbecomes significantly diluted by ambient air after the breath isfinished.

Referring now to FIGS. 5-10, the pump assembly 140 draws breath from thechamber 114 of the mouthpiece and supplies it to the sensor module 400in a controlled manner that is consistent and repeatable, therebyimproving the accuracy and repeatability of the sensor readings.

The pump assembly 140 includes a cylinder 180 rotatably coupled to thepump manifold 150 about an axis 500. A piston 190 is slidably disposedwithin the cylinder 180 to define a volume 182 within the cylinder,wherein reciprocating movement of the piston within the cylinderincreases and decreases the volume. A drive rod 200 is fixedly securedat one end to the piston 190. A second end of the drive rod is rotatablycoupled to a drive gear 210 about an axis 504, which is parallel to axis500. The drive gear 210 is itself rotatably coupled to the pump manifold150 or another suitable structure about an axis 502, which is parallelto axes 500 and 504.

A spur gear 220 is rotatably mounted to the pump manifold 150 or othersuitable structure about an axis 506. A motor 230 selectively rotatesthe spur gear 220 about axis 506. The motor 230 is preferably a compactstepper motor; however, it will be appreciated that other motors may beused to selectively rotate the spur gear 220, and such motors should beconsidered within the scope of the present disclosure.

The spur gear 220 is operatively engaged with the drive gear 210 so thatwhen the motor 230 rotates the spur gear about axis 506, the drive gear210 rotates about axis 502. A magnet 212 is mounted to the drive gear210. One or more sensors (not shown), such as a Hall effect sensor,senses the position of the drive gear 210, and sends information aboutthe drive gear position to the processor. It will be appreciated thatany number of suitable sensors for sensing the position of the drivegear may be utilized within the scope of the present disclosure.

As best shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, rotation of the drive gear 20reciprocates the drive rod 200 and the piston 190 out of (FIG. 8) andinto (FIG. 10) the cylinder 180, increasing and decreasing,respectively, the size of the volume 182 within the cylinder. Becausethe drive rod 200 is fixedly coupled to the piston 190, rotation of thedrive gear 210 also rotates the cylinder 180 back and forth about axis500.

As the cylinder rotates back and forth about axis 500, a generallyplanar face 186 formed on the cylinder 180 moves back and forth along anarcuate path in sliding engagement with a face 158 formed on themanifold 150. A channel 184 extends from the interior volume 182 of thecylinder 180 to the cylinder face 158. The cylinder channel 184 movesback and forth with the face 186 to alternately engage a mouthpiecechannel outlet 156 and a sensor channel inlet 162, both of which aredisposed on the manifold face 158.

The mouthpiece channel outlet 156 is the end of the previously describedmouthpiece channel 152, shown in FIG. 7. When the cylinder 180 ispositioned such that the cylinder channel 184 is engaged with themouthpiece outlet channel 156, the mouthpiece chamber 114 is in fluidconnection with the interior volume 182 of the cylinder 180. As bestshown in FIG. 8, when the cylinder 180 is so positioned, the drive rod200 and piston 190 are moving to increase the volume 182 within thecylinder, creating a vacuum that draws gasses from the mouthpiecechamber 114, through the mouthpiece channel 152, and into the interiorvolume 182 of the cylinder. As this occurs, the sensor channel inlet 160is covered and sealed by the cylinder face 186.

As the drive gear 210 continues to rotate, the cylinder 180 rotates sothat the cylinder channel 184 disengages with the mouthpiece outletchannel 156, which is then sealed off by engagement with the cylinderface 186. The cylinder channel 184 moves along an arcuate path until itengages the sensor channel inlet 162, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Thesensor channel inlet 162 is disposed at one end of a sensor channel 160formed in the manifold 150. A sensor channel outlet 164 is disposed at asecond end of the sensor channel 160 proximate to the sensor module 400.More specifically, the sensor channel outlet 164 is in fluidcommunication with an inlet 472 to the sensor module 400 so that thesensor channel 160 provides fluid communication between the interiorvolume 182 of the cylinder 180 and the sensor module inlet 472.

As best shown in FIG. 9, when the cylinder 180 is positioned so that thesensor channel inlet 162 is engaged with the cylinder channel 184, thedrive rod 200 and piston 190 are moving to decrease the volume 182within the cylinder, thereby increasing the pressure in the cylinder todischarge gasses from the cylinder 180 through the sensor channel 160and into the sensor module inlet 472. As this occurs, the mouthpiecechannel outlet 156 is covered and sealed by the cylinder face 186.

It will be appreciated that the disclosed pump configuration isexemplary only and should not be considered limiting. In this regard,any known pump suitable for selectively providing a breath sample fromthe mouthpiece chamber 114 to the sensor module 400 can be utilized andshould be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIGS. 12-17, the sensor module 400 will now bedescribed. The presently disclosed sensor module 400 is preferablymounted to the breath analysis device 30 without the use of fasteners,welds, adhesives, etc., so that the sensor module can be easily removedand replaced. As shown in FIG. 12, the illustrated embodiment of thebreath analysis device 30 includes a removable cover 42 releasablysecured to the housing 40 to cover a slot 50. As will be described infurther detail, replacing a sensor module 400 is accomplished byremoving the cover 42, pulling on the sensor module to disengage thesensor module from the breath analysis device 30, inserting areplacement sensor module into the slot 50 with enough pressure to seatthe sensor module, and reattaching the cover. It will be appreciated,however, that the sensor module need not be removable, and alternateembodiments utilizing various permanent and non-permanent mountingconfigurations are contemplated.

As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the illustrated embodiment of a sensormodule 400 includes a printed circuit board 410 (PCB) disposed between afirst cover 440 and a second cover 450. The PCB 410 has an edgeconnector 412 sized and configured to be releasably coupled to a socket46, shown in FIGS. 6 and 11. The socket 46 is operably connected withthe processor 60 so that data can be sent between the PCB 410 and theprocessor. As best shown in FIG. 14, a first hole 414 and a second hole416 are formed in the PCB 410. A slot 418 extends between the first andsecond hole 414 and 416. Although the holes 414 and 416 and slot 418 areillustrated as extending through the PCB 410, alternate embodiments arecontemplated in which one or more of these features extends onlypartially through the PCB.

An acetone sensor 430 is mounted to the PCB 410 so that the sensor spansthe slot 418 formed in the PCB. In the illustrated embodiment, thesensor 430 is flat tungsten trioxide (WO₃) disposed on an alumina oranodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate. The described sensor 430 issuitable for detecting acetone in a breath sample; however, it iscontemplated that other sensors suitable for sensing acetone may also beused. Further, sensors useful for sensing the presence, level, or othercharacteristics of other sample components may be utilized, and suchsensors should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.

A memory chip 432 is optionally mounted to the PCB 410. In theillustrated embodiment, the memory chip 432 is an EEPROM that isprogrammed with sensor 430 parameters, authentication data, and otherinformation to be communicated with the processor 60. It will beappreciated that any number of other components may be mounted to thePCB 410 to provide functionality to the sensor module 400 and the breathanalysis device 30 as a whole.

A first cover 440 is made of foil or another suitable material and has agenerally L-shaped profile. In this respect, the first cover 440 has afirst portion 442 corresponding to the PCB 410 and a second portion 444extending approximately 90° from the first portion 442. A second cover450 is similar to the first cover 440, being made of foil or anothersuitable material and having a generally L-shaped profile. The secondcover 450 further includes a first aperture 456 and a second aperture458 extending therethrough and positioned to correspond to the first andsecond holes 414 and 416, respectively, in the PCB 410. The second cover450 further includes a first dimple 460 and a second dimple 462 that aresized and positioned to correspond to the acetone sensor 430 and thememory chip 432, respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 13 and 15-17, the sensor module 400 is assembled sothat the PCB 410 is disposed between the first cover 440 and the secondcover 450. The first portion 442 of the first cover 440 covers one sideof the PCB 410, including the holes 414 and 416 and the slot 418.Similar to the first cover 440, the first portion 452 of the secondcover 450 covers the other side of the PCB 410, including the holes 414and 416 and the slot 418. The first and second apertures 456 and 458 ofthe second cover 450 are aligned with the first and second holes 414 and418, respectively, of the PCB 410. As shown in FIG. 17, the PCB 410cooperates with the first and second covers 440 and 450 to formpneumatic circuit defined from the first aperture 456, through the slot418, and out the second aperture 458. As best shown in FIG. 16, thefirst and second dimples 460 and 462 are positioned to provide clearancebetween the second cover 450 and the acetone sensor 430 and the memorychip 432, respectively.

The illustrated embodiment also includes a protective cover 470positioned over the second cover 450 so that the second cover isdisposed between the protective cover 470 and the PCB 410. Theprotective cover 470 is shaped approximately like the first portion 452of the second cover 450 and has apertures 472 and 474 that correspond tothe first and second apertures 456 and 458, respectively, of the secondcover. The protective cover 470 also has third and fourth apertures 476and 478 that correspond to and provide clearance for the first andsecond dimples 460 and 462, respectively. The protective cover 470protects the second cover 450 which would otherwise be susceptible totearing, particularly around the first and second apertures 456 and 458.As such, the protective cover 470 is preferable made from a materialhaving suitable strength and durability, such as a metal or polymericmaterial.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the second portion 444 of the first cover440 and the second portion 454 of the second cover 450 extend laterallyfrom an edge of the PCB 410 opposite the edge connector 412 to form ahandle that facilitates insertion and removal of the sensor module 400.Referring to FIG. 12, to replace a sensor module 400, a user removes thecover 42 and, pulls on the sensor module to remove the module from thesocket 46. A new sensor module 400 is then inserted in the slot 50 untilthe edge connector 412 of the new sensor module is seated in the socket46. As best shown in FIG. 6, an optional spring clip 40 helps retain thesensor module 400 within the socket 46. Known sensors are susceptible toa buildup of contaminants and/or interferents, which can negativelyimpact the accuracy of the sensor. Thus, a sensor module 400 that iseasily replaceable by a user provides an advantage over known sensors.

A method for collecting and sampling breath using the previouslydescribed breath analysis device 30 will now be described. To begin, auser places his or her mouth over the inlet aperture 130 of themouthpiece 110 and exhales. Referring to FIG. 3, the exhaled breath isdeflected off of the baffle 132 and circulates around the mouthpiecechamber 114. As the user continues to exhale, a portion of the breathescapes through the outlet aperture 134, and a portion of the breathescapes through the breath detection port 124. The pump assembly 140 isin the position shown in FIG. 10, so the mouthpiece channel 152 issealed by the cylinder face 186, and none of the breath sample passesinto the cylinder 180.

The breath passing through the breath detection port 124 passes over thebreath detection sensor 122, which senses that a breath is being exhaledinto the mouthpiece 110. When exhalation has been sensed for apredetermined amount, the breath detection sensor 122, which is operablyassociated with the processor 60 sends data to the processor indicatingthat an adequate sample has been collected. By having a user exhale intothe mouthpiece 110 for a predetermined amount of time, it is assuredthat the breath sample within the mouthpiece chamber 114 is end tidalair, which yields more accurate readings.

The processor 60 controls the display to indicate to the user to stopexhaling into the mouthpiece 110. It will be appreciated that the signalneed not be visual, as indicated in the exemplary embodiment, but can beaudible, haptic, or any other type or combination of signals.

Next, the pump assembly 140 works to provide the breath sample from themouthpiece chamber 114 to the acetone sensor 430 in a controlled,repeatable manner. Referring to FIGS. 8 and 10, the motor 230 rotatesthe drive gear 210 in a counterclockwise direction. As a result, thecylinder 180 rotates back and forth about axis 500. When the cylinder180 is in the position shown in FIG. 8, the cylinder channel 184 is influid communication with the mouthpiece chamber 114, and the piston 190is moving downward in the cylinder. As a result, a portion of the breathsample is drawn from the mouthpiece chamber 114 into the volume 182 ofthe cylinder 180, as shown in FIG. 9. Continued rotation of the drivegear 210 rotates the cylinder 180 about axis 500 to the position shownin FIG. 10, wherein the cylinder channel 184 is in fluid communicationwith the sensor channel 160. The rotation of the drive gear 210 movesthe piston 190 upward in the cylinder 180, driving the breath samplefrom the cylinder volume 182 out through the sensor channel 160, asshown in FIG. 11.

It will be appreciated that the disclosed configuration allows the flowrate of the breath sample to the sensor module 400 to be controlled. Inthe disclosed embodiment, the preferred flow rate is in the range of 5ml/min.-100 ml/min. It will be appreciated, however, that the motor 230,which is controlled by the processor 60, can increase the rotationalspeed of the drive gear 210 to increase the flow rate or decrease therotational speed of the drive gear to decrease the flow rate. Thus, theflow rate can be tailored to provide optimal accuracy for a particularsensor type or application.

Still referring to FIG. 11, the breath sample is discharged from thesensor channel 160 into the inlet (aperture 472) of the sensor module400. When installed, the protective cover 470 of the sensor module 400preferably contacts a portion of the manifold 150 so that the connectionbetween the sensor channel 160 and aperture 473 is sealed. In thismanner, the breath sample can flow through aperture 472 into the slot418 in the sensor module 400 with no loss of the sample. It will beappreciated that other sealing configurations are possible and that someloss of the breath sample can be acceptable, provided that the accuracyand repeatability of the readings is not impacted too greatly.

The breath sample passes through the slot 418 where it flows over theacetone sensor 430 and then out the sensor module outlet (aperture 474).The motor 230 continues to rotate the drive gear 212 until a suitablebreath sample has been passed over the acetone sensor 430. It will beappreciated that the speed and duration of the pump assembly 140operation can be varied to provide optimum exposure of the particularsensor contained within the senor module 430.

When the analysis of the breath sample is completed, the motor 230reverses direction, and rotates the drive gear 210 in a clockwisedirection. Reversing the rotation of the drive gear 210 reverses thedirection of flow through the pump assembly 140. Accordingly, ambientair is drawn into the sensor module outlet, through the sensor module400 and sensor channel 160 into the cylinder 180. The ambient air isthen discharged into the mouthpiece 110 and out the inlet aperture 130and outlet aperture 124. In this manner, the breath sample is purgedfrom the sensor module 400 and the mouthpiece 110, ensuring that onebreath sample will not influence the results of the next breath sample.

While illustrative embodiments have been illustrated and described, itwill be appreciated that various changes can be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A device for capturing a breath sample,comprising: (a) a mouthpiece comprising a chamber receiving a breathsample through a breath inlet aperture; (b) a manifold having a firstchannel extending from the chamber to a first channel outlet, and asecond channel extending from a second channel inlet to a sensor; and(c) a pump comprising a cylinder rotatably mounted about an axis and acylinder channel extending from an interior volume of the cylinderthrough a cylinder wall; the pump being configured to reciprocatecylinder about the axis between a first position and a second positionso that the cylinder channel moves along an arcuate path, wherein thecylinder channel engages the first channel when the cylinder is in thefirst position, and the cylinder channel engages the second channel whenthe cylinder is in the second position, the pump drawing the portion ofthe breath sample from the chamber into the cylinder and discharging theportion of the breath sample from the cylinder to the sensor.
 2. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the manifold comprises a manifold face, thefirst and second channels extending through the manifold face, and thecylinder comprises a cylinder face, the cylinder face slidingly engagingthe manifold face as the cylinder reciprocates between the first andsecond positions.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the cylinder faceblocks the second channel while the pump draws the portion of the breathsample from the chamber.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the cylinderface blocks the first channel while the pump discharges the portion ofthe breath sample to the sensor.
 5. The device of claim 2, wherein thecylinder face blocks the first channel while the pump discharges theportion of the breath sample to the sensor.
 6. The device of claim 1,the mouthpiece further comprising a breath outlet aperture in fluidcommunication with the chamber.
 7. The device of claim 1, furtherproviding a second sensor in fluid communication with the chamber, thesecond sensor sensing a flow of the breath sample into the chamber.
 8. Adevice for capturing a breath sample, comprising: (a) a mouthpiececomprising a breath inlet aperture in fluid communication with achamber; and (b) a pump assembly delivering a breath sample from thechamber to a sensor, the pump assembly comprising: (i) a manifoldcomprising a flat manifold face, a mouthpiece channel outlet and asensor channel inlet being disposed on the manifold face, the mouthpiecechannel outlet being in fluid communication with the chamber and thesensor channel inlet being in fluid communication with the sensor; (ii)a cylinder comprising a flat cylinder face slidingly engaging themanifold face and a cylinder channel extending from an interior volumeof the cylinder through the cylinder face, the cylinder being rotatablebetween a first position and a second position, wherein the cylinderchannel is in fluid communication with the mouthpiece channel outlet andthe cylinder face blocks the sensor channel inlet when the cylinder isin the first position, and wherein the cylinder channel is in fluidcommunication with the sensor channel inlet and the cylinder face blocksthe mouthpiece channel outlet when the cylinder is in the secondposition; and (iii) a piston slidably disposed within the cylinder, thepiston moving in a first direction when the cylinder moves from thefirst position to the second position and in a second direction when thecylinder moves from the second position to the first position.
 9. Thedevice of claim 8, further comprising a drive rod coupled at a first endto the piston, the drive rod being rotatably coupled at a second end toa drive gear, wherein rotation of the drive gear reciprocates thecylinder between the first position and the second position.
 10. Thedevice of claim 9, further comprising a motor operatively coupled to thedrive gear to selectively rotate the drive gear, rotation of the drivegear moving the piston in a first direction to draw the breath samplefrom the chamber into the cylinder when the cylinder is in the firstposition.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein rotation of the drive gearmoves the piston in the second direction to discharge gasses from thecylinder to the sensor when the cylinder is in the second position. 12.The device of claim 8, wherein the cylinder face moves along an arcuatepath as the cylinder reciprocates between the first and secondpositions.
 13. A device for capturing a breath sample, comprising: (a) amouthpiece comprising a breath inlet aperture in fluid communicationwith a chamber; and (b) a pump assembly delivering a breath sample fromthe chamber to a sensor, the pump assembly comprising: (i) a manifold influid communication with the chamber and the sensor; (ii) a cylindercoupled to the manifold, wherein the cylinder is rotatable between afirst position and a second position so that the cylinder channel movesalong an arcuate path between a first channel and a second channel;wherein the cylinder is in fluid communication with the chamber in thefirst position, and the cylinder is in fluid communication with thesensor in the second position; and (iii) a piston slidably disposedwithin the cylinder, the piston moving in a first direction when thecylinder is in the first position and in a second direction when thecylinder is in the second position, wherein the cylinder is fluidlyconnected to the chamber by the first channel formed in the manifold,and the cylinder is fluidly connected to the sensor by the secondchannel formed in the manifold, and the cylinder comprises a sealingface disposed on the cylinder and a cylinder channel extending from aninterior portion of the cylinder through the sealing face.
 14. Thedevice of claim 13, wherein the sealing face at least partially blocksthe first channel when the cylinder is in the second position, and thecylinder channel is in fluid communication with the second channel whenthe cylinder is in the second position.
 15. The device of claim 1,wherein the mouthpiece further comprises a breath outlet aperture influid communication with a chamber.